Blood
What is Blood?
Blood is a special liquid tissue of the body. It consists of plasma and blood cells. The blood cells are suspended in the plasma.
Blood accounts for 7% - 9% of the body weight. An adult weighing 50kg has about 3.5 - 4.5 liters of blood.
Main Components
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs): These account for 96% of blood cells. They contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
• White Blood Cells (WBCs): These account for 3%. They are an important part of the immune system, helping the body fight off infections and foreign invaders.
• Platelets: These account for 1%. They help in blood clotting, preventing bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.
• Plasma: A yellowish liquid that makes up about 55% of blood volume. It contains water, proteins, hormones, and waste products.
Functions of Blood
• Respiration: Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and CO2 from tissues to lungs.
• Nutrition: Transports nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) absorbed from the digestive tract to cells.
• Excretion: Transports waste products to the kidneys and lungs for elimination.
• Regulation: Helps maintain body temperature and pH balance.
• Defense: White blood cells and antibodies protect against pathogens.
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