Artificial Respiration
Overview
Artificial respiration is a life-saving technique used when someone has stopped breathing (suffocating). Common causes include drowning, burial (tunnel collapse, earthquake), or inhalation of toxic gases.
The goal is to provide oxygen to the lungs and stimulate spontaneous breathing.
Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation (CPR)
1. Place victim on back in open space, loosen clothes.
2. Clear airway of foreign objects.
3. Tilt head back slightly (cushion under neck).
4. Pinch nose, pull jaw down to open mouth.
5. Take deep breath, seal mouth over victim's, and blow.
6. Watch chest rise/fall. Repeat.
• Adults/Children >8y: ~20 times/min.
• Children <8y: ~20-30 times/min.
Nielsen Method (Back Pressure Arm Lift)
Used for drowning victims. Place victim face down, head on hands.
1. Exhale: Press palms on shoulder blades (arms straight), release suddenly.
2. Inhale: Pull victim's arms (near elbows) up towards head.
• Frequency: 10-12 times/min.
Sylvester Method (Chest Pressure Arm Lift)
Used for suffocation due to burial or pregnant women (lying on back).
1. Exhale: Press folded forearms firmly on chest.
2. Inhale: Pull arms towards head, leaning back.
• Frequency: 15-20 times/min.
General Principles
• Perform ASAP: Brain damage starts within minutes.
• Remove cause: Clear airway/danger first.
• Persist: Continue until breathing returns or medical help arrives.
• Environment: Keep airy and warm.
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